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18:26, 17 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page French wine (Redirected page to France) Tag: New redirect
18:22, 17 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Full-bodied (Created page with "'''Full-bodied''' is a descriptive term in wine tasting used to characterise wines with substantial weight, richness, and intensity on the palate.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref> The expression is commonly applied to red wines such as Cabernet Sauvignon or Syrah, but can also describe certain white wines, including barrel-fermented Chardonnay. It re...")
18:19, 17 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Fuller-bodied (Redirected page to Full-bodied) Tag: New redirect
18:10, 17 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Winemaking (Created page with "'''Winemaking''' refers to the production of wine from cultivated grapes, encompassing the processes that transform harvested fruit into finished wines suitable for consumption. Rooted in ancient agricultural traditions and closely tied to the practice of viticulture, winemaking combines natural fermentation with a range of technical and stylistic decisions that influence a wine’s character, quality, and longevity.<ref>Jackson, ''Wine Sci...")
16:40, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Europe (Created page with "'''Europe''' (/ˈjʊərəp/) is the historical heartland of viticulture, home to some of the oldest and most influential wine-producing traditions in the world<ref>Unwin, ''Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade'', Routledge, 1991, ISBN 978-0415075370.</ref>. Its diverse climates, soils, and cultural histories have shaped a wide range of wine styles and established the concept of Old World wine. == Background == Viticulture...")
16:37, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Pip-to-pulp (Created page with "'''Pip-to-pulp ratio''' refers to the proportion of grape seeds (pips) to the surrounding fleshy interior (pulp) within a grape berry<ref>Jackson, ''Wine Science: Principles and Applications'', 5th ed., Academic Press, 2020, ISBN 978-0128161180.</ref>. This parameter is influenced by grape variety, berry size, growing conditions, and ripeness at harvest<ref>Iland et al., ''Chemical Analysis of Grapes and Wine: Techniques and Concepts'', Patrick Iland Wine Promotions,...")
16:34, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Vitis vinifera (Created page with "'''Vitis vinifera''' (/ˈvaɪtɪs vɪˈnɪfərə/, Latin “wine-bearing vine”) is the principal species of domesticated grapevine cultivated for wine production worldwide, underpinning most classic wine styles and regions.<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', HarperCollins, 2012, ISBN 978-0062206367.</ref> It comprises thousands of named grape variety whose genetic diversity drives differences in flavour, structure and ageing potential.<ref...")
16:26, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page New Zealand (Created page with "'''New Zealand''' (/njuː ˈziːlənd/) is a wine-producing country in the South Pacific Ocean, recognised for its cool-climate viticulture and distinct regional expressions<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'', 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, ISBN 978-1784724030.</ref>. Wine production is concentrated on the North and South Islands, where diverse climates and soils support a wide range of grape varieties<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Compa...")
16:18, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Spain (Created page with "'''Spain''' (IPA: /ˈspeɪn/; Spanish: España [esˈpaɲa]) is one of the world’s largest and most diverse wine-producing countries, with a viticultural history that spans over three millennia.<ref>López, ''Historia del vino en España'', Editorial Crítica, 2010, ISBN 978-8498921050.</ref> Located in south-western Europe on the Iberian Peninsula, Spain’s extensive vineyard area, varied climates, and wide range of indigenous and international grape...")
16:05, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Chile (Created page with "'''Chile''' (/ˈtʃɪli/), officially the Republic of Chile, is a major wine-producing country in South America, recognised for its diverse viticultural regions, stable climate, and growing international presence in the global wine market.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref> Located along a narrow strip of land between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean, Chile offers a rang...")
15:55, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Sake (Created page with "'''Sake''' (/ˈsɑːkeɪ/; Japanese: 日本酒, nihonshu) is a traditional Japanese alcoholic beverage made from fermented rice, often referred to in English as “rice wine” despite its brewing process differing from that of grape wine. Its production combines elements of brewing and winemaking, and it occupies a distinctive position in the global alcoholic beverage landscape.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2...")
15:45, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Grape wine (Created page with "'''Grape wine''' is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of the juice of Vitis vinifera and other grape species. Distinguished from other fruit-based wines by its complex balance of sugars, acids, tannins, and aromatic compounds, grape wine holds a central place in global culture, trade, and gastronomy.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref> == Backgrou...")
15:39, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Pinotage (Created page with "'''Pinotage''' is a red grape variety originating in South Africa, created in 1925 by crossing Pinot Noir with Cinsaut (then locally known as Hermitage)<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', HarperCollins, 2012, ISBN 978-0062206367.</ref>. The variety has since become emblematic of South African viticulture and is cultivated both domestically and in smaller quantities abroad. == Background == The development of Pinotage was undertaken...")
15:27, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Rosé wine (Created page with "'''Rosé wine''' is a style of wine characterised by its pink to light red colour, produced through methods that allow limited contact between grape skins and juice. Unlike red wine, which undergoes extended skin maceration, rosé typically involves a shorter extraction period, resulting in lighter tannins and a fresher, more delicate flavour profile<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.<...")
15:11, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Vineyard (Created page with "'''Vineyard''' refers to a cultivated area of land dedicated to the growth of Vitis vinifera or other wine grape species, forming the foundation of viticulture and wine production. Vineyards vary greatly in scale, location, and purpose, but all share the aim of producing grapes of sufficient quality for winemaking.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref> == Background == The origins...")
14:54, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Fruit wine (Created page with "'''Fruit wine''' refers to alcoholic beverages produced by the fermentation of fruits other than grapes, using similar winemaking principles adapted to the characteristics of each fruit<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>. Common raw materials include berries, stone fruits, apples, pears, and tropical fruits, each imparting distinctive flavour, aroma, and structural profiles. Whil...")
10:28, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs moved page Rice Wine to Rice wine
09:48, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Cape Town (Created page with "'''Cape Town''' is a key centre of viticulture in South Africa, recognised both for its historical role in the country’s wine trade and for its officially designated Wine of Origin (WO) region. Located at the southwestern tip of the African continent, Cape Town combines maritime influence, varied topography, and a long history of grape cultivation to produce wines that contribute significantly to South Africa’s global wine reputation.<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''Th...")
09:18, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Chenin Blanc (Created page with "'''Chenin Blanc''' (/ˈʃɛnɪn ˈblɒŋ/; French: [ʃənɛ̃ blɑ̃]) is a white grape variety originating from the Loire Valley in France, where it has been cultivated since at least the ninth century<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', HarperCollins, 2012, ISBN 978-0062206367.</ref>. Known for its high natural acidity and versatility, it can be made into a wide range of wine styles, from sparkling and dry to sweet and botrytised<ref>Ro...")
09:14, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Rice Wine (Created page with "'''Rice wine''' refers to a category of alcoholic beverages produced through the fermentation of rice, particularly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia. Unlike grape wine, which derives alcohol from the direct fermentation of fruit sugars, rice wine is made by converting the starch in rice into fermentable sugars using mould cultures before fermentation with yeast<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 9...")
09:03, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Asia (Created page with "'''Asia''' is the largest continent in terms of both population and landmass, with a diverse and ancient tradition of fermented beverages that includes rice wines, fruit wines, and distilled spirits alongside a growing presence of grape wine. While grape-based viticulture has historically been limited, the continent has become one of the most significant import markets for wine in the 21st century, with consumption trends increasingly...")
08:51, 15 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page South Africa (Created page with "'''South Africa''' is a wine-producing country located at the southern tip of the African continent, recognised for its diverse climates, varied soils, and a winemaking tradition that dates back to the 17th century<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'', 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, ISBN 978-1784724030.</ref>. Its position between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans creates a range of viticultural zones that support both cool- and warm-climate grape cul...")
10:42, 13 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Cabernet Franc (Created page with "'''Cabernet Franc''' (/ˈkæbərneɪ ˈfrɑːŋk/) is a black-skinned wine grape variety of French origin, widely cultivated for both varietal wines and as a blending component in many of the world’s major wine regions. Known for its moderate tannin levels, aromatic complexity, and adaptability to diverse climates, it is considered one of the foundational grape varieties in Bordeaux wine production<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', Harper...")
09:30, 13 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Pomerol (Created page with "'''Pomerol''' (French pronunciation: [pɔmʁɔl]) is a wine appellation in the Bordeaux region of south-western France, situated on the so-called Right Bank of the Dordogne River. Despite being one of the smallest appellations in Bordeaux, it is renowned for producing some of the most sought-after red wines in the world, predominantly from Merlot with smaller proportions of Cabernet Franc and other permitted...")
15:44, 12 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Bordeaux (Created page with "'''Bordeaux''' (/bɔːrˈdoʊ/; French: [bɔʁdo]) is a prominent wine region in south-western France, centred on the city of the same name along the Garonne and Dordogne rivers. It is recognised as one of the world’s most influential centres of viticulture, noted for its diverse range of appellations and complex blending traditions<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'', 8th ed., Mitchell Bea...")
14:02, 12 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Middle Ages (Created page with "Wine in the Middle Ages refers to the production, trade, and consumption of wine in Europe between the 5th and 15th centuries, a period marked by the decline of Roman viticultural systems, the influence of monastic orders, and the gradual emergence of regional wine specialisation. The era saw both continuity and adaptation in viticultural practices, shaped by political, economic, and climatic conditions<ref>Unwin, *Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticultur...")
13:54, 12 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Signée method (Created page with "'''Saignée method''' (/sɛɲeɪ/; French: [sɛɲe], meaning “to bleed”) is a winemaking technique in which a portion of juice is drawn off from a vat of red wine must early in the maceration process. The removal of juice concentrates the remaining must, enhancing colour, tannin, and flavour intensity in the red wine, while the separated juice can be used to produce rosé wine<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford...")
13:34, 12 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Poland (Created page with "'''Poland''' is a wine-producing country in Central Europe with a viticultural tradition dating back to the early Middle Ages. Archaeological and written records indicate that vine cultivation and winemaking were established by monastic communities and royal estates as early as the tenth century<ref>McGovern, ''Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture'', Princeton University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0691070803.</ref>. While the country’s coo...")
11:50, 12 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Solaris (Created page with "'''Solaris''' is a white grape variety developed in Germany for cool-climate viticulture. It is known for its high resistance to fungal diseases and its ability to achieve high sugar levels even in regions with short growing seasons.<ref>Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC), "Solaris", vivc.de.</ref> The variety has gained particular prominence in northern European wine production, especially in countries such as Sweden and Denmark. == Backgr...")
11:43, 12 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Sovie (Created page with "'''Savoie''' (/sa.vwa/), also known as Vin de Savoie, is a wine region in eastern France situated in the foothills of the Alps near the borders with Switzerland and Italy. Viticulture in this area is shaped by a combination of mountain influences, varied altitudes, and complex geology, producing wines that are often associated with freshness and marked acidity<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'', 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, ISBN 978-1784724030.</ref>...")
23:05, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Savoie (Created page with "'''Savoie''' (/sa.vwa/), also known as Vin de Savoie, is a wine region in eastern France situated in the foothills of the Alps near the borders with Switzerland and Italy. Viticulture in this area is shaped by a combination of mountain influences, varied altitudes, and complex geology, producing wines that are often associated with freshness and marked acidity<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'', 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, ISBN 978-1...")
23:01, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Whole cluster fermentation (Created page with "'''Whole cluster fermentation''' is a winemaking technique in which intact grape bunches, including stems, are fermented without prior destemming. The method has historical roots in traditional European practices and has been revived in recent decades by some producers seeking to influence tannin structure, aroma profile and ageing potential<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>. It is...")
22:57, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Whole-bunch fermentation (Redirected page to Whole cluster fermentation) Tag: New redirect
22:48, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Mondeuse Noire (Created page with "'''Mondeuse Noire''' (/mɔ̃.døz nwaʁ/; also known simply as Mondeuse) is a dark-skinned Vitis vinifera grape variety traditionally associated with the Savoie wine region in eastern France. Known for producing deeply coloured, aromatic wines with high acidity and notable tannic structure, it has been cultivated in the Alpine foothills for centuries<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', HarperCollins, 2012, ISBN 978-0062206367.</ref>. Mode...")
12:23, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Mondeuse Blanche (Created page with "'''Mondeuse Blanche''' (pronounced [mɔ̃.døz blɑ̃ʃ]; French for “white Mondeuse”) is a rare white grape variety from the Savoie region of eastern France, primarily cultivated for wine production.<ref>Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualité (INAO), “Mondeuse Blanche – Cépage”, inao.gouv.fr. (French original)</ref> Ampelographic and DNA profiling studies have identified it as one of the two parents of the red grape Syrah, the other being...")
12:04, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Monastrell (Redirected page to Mourvèdre) Tag: New redirect
11:57, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Mourvèdre (Created page with "'''Mourvèdre''' (/muːˈvɛdrə/; also known as Monastrell in Spain and Mataro in parts of the New World) is a dark-skinned wine grape variety traditionally associated with the Mediterranean Basin. Believed to have originated in eastern Spain, it is valued for producing deeply coloured wines with high tannin and pronounced phenolic structure, often contributing savoury and spicy notes<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', HarperCollins, 2012, ISBN 978...")
11:33, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Dureza (Created page with "'''Dureza''' (/dyʁɛ.za/), also known simply as Duret in some historical records, is a dark-skinned wine grape variety native to the Ardèche region of France. Once little-known and sparsely cultivated, it has gained recognition primarily for its role as one of the two parent varieties of Syrah, alongside Mondeuse Blanche<ref>Bowers, Boursiquot et al., “Historical Genetics: The Parentage of Syrah Wine Grapes”, ''Journal of Heredity'', Vol. 93, No...")
11:22, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page California (Created page with "'''California''' is the leading wine-producing state in the United States, accounting for the vast majority of the country’s output and ranking among the largest wine regions in the world by volume and value<ref>California Wine Institute, “California Wine Profile”, discovercaliforniawines.com.</ref>. Benefiting from a combination of Mediterranean, coastal and continental climates, along with diverse soils and topography, it supports an extensive range of grape...")
11:11, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Punching down (Created page with "'''Punching down''' is a winemaking technique used primarily during the fermentation of red wines to submerge the cap of grape skins, seeds and pulp that forms on the surface of the fermenting must. Also known by its French term ''pigeage'' [pi.ʒaʒ], the practice facilitates extraction of colour, tannin and flavour compounds while preventing spoilage and uneven fermentation<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISB...")
11:01, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Cold soaking (Created page with "'''Cold soaking''' is a pre-fermentation winemaking technique in which harvested and destemmed grapes are kept at a low temperature before the start of fermentation to enhance colour, flavour and tannin extraction<ref>Jackson, ''Wine Science: Principles and Applications'', 5th ed., Academic Press, 2020, ISBN 978-0128161180.</ref>. The process is also known as pre-fermentation maceration. == Background == The practice of cold soaki...")
10:53, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Carbonic maceration (Created page with "'''Carbonic maceration''' is a winemaking technique in which whole grapes ferment in a carbon dioxide–rich environment before crushing. Unlike conventional fermentation, where yeast converts sugars to alcohol after grapes are pressed, carbonic maceration initiates fermentation within intact berries through enzymatic activity<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>. The method is closely ass...")
10:47, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Fermentation (Created page with "'''Fermentation''' in winemaking is the biochemical process by which sugars present in grape must are converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide by the action of yeast<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>. This transformation, central to wine production for millennia, not only produces alcohol but also generates a wide range of secondary metabolites that contribute to the aroma, flavour, and te...")
10:32, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Crushing (Created page with "'''Crushing''' is the winemaking process in which harvested grapes are broken open to release their juice, initiating the transition from whole fruit to must. This stage traditionally follows or accompanies destemming, although in some cases whole clusters are crushed without prior stem removal<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>. The method and intensity of crushing in...")
10:28, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Destemming (Created page with "'''Destemming''' refers to the removal of grape stems from harvested bunches prior to or during the initial stages of winemaking. The process, also known as de-stalking, is carried out to separate the berries from the lignified stalk structure, which contains tannins and other phenolic compounds that can influence wine character if extracted<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>. In modern wineries...")
10:21, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Harvesting (Created page with "'''Harvesting''' in viticulture refers to the process of collecting ripe grapes from the vine, marking the culmination of the growing season and the starting point of wine production. The timing and method of harvesting play a decisive role in the style, quality, and ageing potential of the finished wine<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>. == Background == Harvesting has been central to...")
10:13, 11 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Germany (Created page with "'''Germany''' (German: ''Deutschland'' [ˈdɔʏtʃlant]) is a major wine-producing country in Europe, renowned for its cool-climate viticulture and a distinctive emphasis on white wine styles, particularly those based on the Riesling grape<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'', 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, ISBN 978-1784724030.</ref>. Viticulture in Germany spans 13 officially recognised wine regions (Anbaugebiete), most of which are concentr...")
20:17, 10 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Gewürztraminer (Created page with "'''Gewürztraminer''' (/ɡəˈvʏʁtstʁaˌmiːnɐ/; from German ''Gewürz'', meaning "spice", and ''Traminer'', referring to the Traminer family of grapes) is a highly aromatic white grape variety grown in several wine regions worldwide, most notably in Alsace and parts of northern Italy, Germany, Austria, and New World regions. Known for its pronounced perfume and exotic flavour profile, it is often produced in both dry and off-dry styles.<ref>R...")
00:43, 9 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Colorino (Created page with "'''Colorino''' (IPA: [koloˈriːno]) is a red wine grape variety native to Italy, primarily cultivated in Tuscany. The name derives from the Italian word ''colore'' (“colour”), reflecting the grape’s notable ability to impart deep pigmentation to wine<ref>D’Agata, ''Native Wine Grapes of Italy'', University of California Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0520272260.</ref>. Although historically used as a minor blending component, it remains valued for its colour-...")
00:41, 9 August 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Canaiolo (Created page with "'''Canaiolo''' (IPA: [kanaˈjɔːlo]; also known as Canaiolo Nero) is a red grape variety traditionally grown in Tuscany and other parts of central Italy. Its name is thought to derive from the Italian word ''cana'', meaning “reed” or “canine tooth”, possibly referring to the shape of the grape clusters<ref>D’Agata, ''Native Wine Grapes of Italy'', University of California Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0520272260.</ref>. Historically, it played a central ro...")