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14:51, 30 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Dosage (Created page with "'''Dosage''' refers to the small addition of wine and sugar solution, known as ''liqueur d’expédition'', that is made to a bottle of sparkling wine immediately after disgorgement and before final corking.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015.</ref> Its primary function is to adjust sweetness levels, balance acidity, and help define stylistic categories of wines such as Champagne. == Historical backgro...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:23, 29 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Gneiss (soil) (Created page with "'''Gneiss''' is a metamorphic soil type formed under high pressure and temperature, notable in viticulture for its influence on vine rooting and wine character.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, entry: soils – gneiss. ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref> Derived from granite or sedimentary protoliths, gneiss displays a banded mineral structure that can offer both excellent drainage and m...")
10:20, 29 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho (IVV) (Created page with "'''Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho''' (IVV, Institute of Vine and Wine) is the Portuguese state body responsible for coordinating and regulating the national wine sector. Based in Lisbon, it oversees viticultural policy, production statistics, quality control, and collaboration with both domestic and international institutions.<ref>Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho (IVV), “About us”.</ref> == History and role == The IVV was established in the twentieth century as...")
09:33, 29 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Marsala (Created page with "'''Marsala''' is a fortified wine produced in the western part of Sicily, Italy. It is one of the country’s most historically significant wines, having developed in the eighteenth century as a major export and later secured recognition as a protected designation within the Italian Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) system.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015.</ref> == History == Although viticul...")
22:02, 28 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs moved page Mission grape to Mission
22:02, 28 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Mission grape (Created page with "'''Mission''' is a grape variety of Iberian origin that became the first widely planted vine in the New World. Also known as ''País'' in Chile and ''Criolla'' in Argentina, it is genetically identical to Listán Prieto, a Spanish variety that travelled with missionaries and colonists during the sixteenth century.<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', 2012.</ref> Its legacy is strongly tied to colonial viticulture and the establishment...")
21:44, 28 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Norway (Created page with "'''Norway''' is an emerging wine-producing country in northern Europe. Situated at high latitudes, it lies well beyond the traditional limits of commercial viticulture, but small-scale vineyard development has expanded in recent decades due to climate change, the use of cold-resistant varieties, and increased local interest in Nordic wine culture.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015.</ref> == Historical context ==...")
21:36, 28 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Orange wine (Created page with "'''Orange wine''' (also called '''amber wine''') is a style of white wine made by fermenting white grapes with prolonged skin contact, a process that imparts deeper colour, tannic texture and distinctive flavour characteristics<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015, entry: orange wine/amber wine. ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>. The style differs fundamentally from rosé, which is made from red grapes with brief skin contact. == Historical or...")
21:24, 28 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Pinot (Created page with "'''Pinot''' is a family of grape varieties encompassing several of the most influential cultivars in world viticulture, notably Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc and Pinot Meunier; the name derives from the French for “pine”, evoking the pinecone-shaped bunches typical of these grapes.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, entry: Pinot family. ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref> The group is historically anchored in B...")
12:48, 19 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Primitivo (Created page with "'''Primitivo''' is a dark-skinned grape variety primarily grown in the southern Italian region of Puglia. It is genetically identical to Zinfandel in California and to the Croatian Crljenak Kaštelanski, though its cultural and viticultural associations are distinct in each country.<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', HarperCollins, 2012.</ref> == History and origins == The name derives from the Italian ''primo'' (“early”), a ref...")
12:44, 19 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Rhône Rangers (Created page with "'''Rhône Rangers''' is the collective name for a movement of Californian winemakers dedicated to the cultivation and promotion of grape varieties traditionally associated with the Rhône Valley in France. Emerging in the late 20th century, the group has sought to adapt the viticultural legacy of Rhône grapes to Californian terroirs, positioning them as a compelling alternative to the more dominant Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay.<ref>Robinson...")
17:10, 16 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Slovenia (Created page with "'''Slovenia''' is a wine-producing country in Central Europe, bordered by Italy, Austria, Hungary and Croatia. Despite its modest size, it has a long viticultural tradition and is recognised for both traditional and modern styles, including distinctive orange wines and natural wines that have gained international prominence in the 21st century<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015.</ref>. The country lies at the inters...")
16:40, 15 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Slovakia (Created page with "'''Slovakia''' (Slovak: Slovensko) is a wine-producing country in Central Europe with a long history of viticulture. Despite its relatively small vineyard area, Slovakia produces a wide range of wines, shaped by a continental climate, varied soils, and traditions that link it to both Central European and Tokaj winemaking cultures.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015.</ref> == History == Viticulture in the territory of present-d...")
16:19, 15 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Sussex (Created page with "'''Sussex''' is a wine-producing region in south-east England, recognised for its cool-climate sparkling wine and increasingly regarded as one of the leading areas in the United Kingdom’s modern viticultural revival.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015.</ref> The region’s name also refers to a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) established in 2016, the first English wine PDO created specifically for a...")
16:02, 15 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Tinto Cão (Created page with "'''Tinto Cão''' (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈtĩtu ˈkɐ̃w̃], lit. ''red dog'') is a red grape variety from northern Portugal, traditionally associated with the Douro Valley and Dão region. Although never widely planted, it has long been valued for its contribution to the structure and longevity of Port wine and quality dry reds.<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', HarperCollins, 2012.</ref> == Etymology and origin == The name '...")
10:15, 15 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Torrontés (Created page with "'''Torrontés''' is a group of white wine grape varieties grown almost exclusively in Argentina, where it has become the country’s most distinctive native white. The group comprises three genetically distinct cultivars: Torrontés Riojano, Torrontés Sanjuanino, and Torrontés Mendocino, all traditionally used in the production of aromatic dry and semi-dry wines.<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', 2012, p. 1096. ISBN 978-...")
10:09, 15 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Treixadura (Created page with "'''Treixadura''' (Galician: [tɾejʃaˈðuɾa]; Portuguese: '''Trajadura''') is a white grape variety cultivated primarily in Galicia in north-western Spain and in northern Portugal, where it is most commonly known as Trajadura. It is valued for producing fresh, aromatic wines with balanced acidity, and plays an important role in both varietal bottlings and blends in several Denominación de Origen (DO) and Vinho Verde DOCDOC regions.<ref>Robinson...")
10:04, 15 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Uco Valley (Created page with "'''Uco Valley''' (Spanish: ''Valle de Uco'', [ˈu.ko ˈβa.ʝe]) is a wine-producing subregion of Mendoza, Argentina. It lies to the south-west of the city of Mendoza, at the foothills of the Andes, and has become one of the most renowned areas of South America for high-altitude viticulture.<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'', 8th ed., 2019, p. 276. ISBN 978-1784724030.</ref> == Geography and climate == The Uco Valley is situated bet...")
09:54, 15 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Vin de France (Created page with "'''Vin de France''' is the most basic level of French wine classification, created in 2010 to replace the former category of ''vin de table''. It designates wines that are permitted to use vintage and grape variety on the label, but without an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) or Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) geographical designation<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015.</ref>. The category was introduced as part...")
23:12, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC) (Created page with "'''Vitis International Variety Catalogue (VIVC)''' is a global database of grape varieties maintained by the Julius Kühn-Institut in Germany. It provides comprehensive information on the taxonomy, synonyms, descriptors, and genetic profiles of thousands of cultivated and wild ''Vitis'' species, serving as a primary reference for researchers, growers, and wine professionals worldwide.<ref>VIVC – Julius Kühn-Institut, "Vitis International Variety Catalogue"...")
23:10, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Wales (Created page with "'''Wales''' is a small but increasingly recognised wine region within the United Kingdom, situated west of England. While its vineyard plantings remain limited, Welsh viticulture has developed steadily in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, supported by climate change, new grape selections and government promotion. Historically, Wales has also played an important role as a consumer and importer of wine, relying for centuries on trade links with continenta...")
22:55, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) (Redirected page to Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC)) Tag: New redirect
22:52, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Spice notes (Redirected page to Spice (note)) Tag: New redirect
22:52, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Spicy (note) (Redirected page to Spice (note)) Tag: New redirect
22:51, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page American Viticultural Areas (AVAs (Redirected page to American Viticultural Areas (AVA)) Tag: New redirect
22:42, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page AOC (Redirected page to Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)) Tag: New redirect
22:41, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Vin de base (Redirected page to Base wine) Tag: New redirect
22:40, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Melon d'Arbois (Redirected page to Chardonnay) Tag: New redirect
22:39, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Pinot Bianco (Redirected page to Pinot Blanc) Tag: New redirect
22:39, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Racking (Created page with "'''Racking''' is a traditional process in winemaking in which a wine is transferred from one vessel to another, leaving behind sediments known as lees and other solids. The practice is fundamental both to the clarification of wine and to the management of its style during maturation, with applications ranging from small-scale cellar work to large-scale commercial production.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015, entry: racking. I...")
22:34, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Premier Cru (Created page with "'''Premier Cru''' is a French wine classification used to denote vineyards, or groups of vineyards, considered to produce wines of high but not the very highest quality. The term is most closely associated with [[|Burgundy]] and Champagne, though its meaning and application differ between the two regions<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015.</ref>. == Premier Cru in Burgundy == {{Main|Burgundy}} In Burgundy, Premier Cru (literally "first gr...")
22:31, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Po Valley (Created page with "'''Po Valley''' (Italian: ''Pianura Padana'') is a vast alluvial plain in northern Italy that plays a significant role in viticulture, both as a centre of large-scale wine production and as a transition zone to more prestigious hillside appellations. Extending across much of Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, southern Veneto and touching the fringes of Piedmont, the valley provides fertile conditions that have shaped Italian wine hi...")
20:16, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Pinot Blanc (Created page with "'''Pinot Blanc''' is a white grape variety of the broader Pinot family, cultivated across several European and New World regions. Though often overshadowed by its relatives Pinot Gris and Chardonnay, it plays a significant role in the production of both varietal wines and blends, particularly in Alsace and northern Italy. Its restrained aromatic profile and adaptability make it suitable for a wide range of wine styles, from fresh still wines t...")
15:57, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Nero d’Avola (Created page with "'''Nero d’Avola''' is a red grape variety indigenous to Sicily, where it has long been considered the island’s most important native red cultivar.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015.</ref> Known for producing deeply coloured wines with marked fruit character and good structure, it has become a defining element of Sicilian viticulture and a key driver of the region’s international reputation.<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World At...")
15:29, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Clare Valley (Created page with "'''Clare Valley''' is a prominent wine region in South Australia, recognised internationally for its distinctive Riesling and a wide range of red wines, particularly Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'', 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019.</ref>. Situated around 120 kilometres north of Adelaide, the valley is known for its elevated vineyards, varied soils and pronounced diurnal temperature (climate)|temp...")
15:14, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Marl (soil) (Created page with "'''Marl''' is a sedimentary soil type composed of varying proportions of clay and limestone, often including fine particles of silt and organic matter. In viticulture, marl is regarded as a significant element of terroir, providing conditions that influence vine growth and the sensory profile of wines.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015, entry: marl. ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref> == Composition and...")
15:02, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Denominaciones de Origen (DO) (Created page with "'''Denominación de Origen (DO)''' is the principal Spanish system for certifying the geographical origin and quality of wines. Comparable to the French Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) or the Italian Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC), it guarantees that a wine comes from a defined area and complies with specific production rules. Within the European Union, DO wines are legally recognised under the framework of Protected Designation of Origin (P...")
14:32, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Downy mildew (Created page with "'''Downy mildew''' is a serious fungal disease of the grapevine caused by the oomycete ''Plasmopara viticola''. It is one of the most significant threats to viticulture, affecting vine growth, fruit development and ultimately wine quality. The disease thrives in warm, humid conditions, where it can spread rapidly through vineyard canopies and severely reduce yields if not effectively controlled<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015.</ref>...")
14:25, 14 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Dry wine (Created page with "'''Dry wine''' is a style of wine characterised by the near absence of fermentable sugars in the finished product. The term is widely used across the global wine trade as a key classification, distinguishing wines that taste non-sweet from those containing detectable levels of residual sugar. While seemingly straightforward, the concept of dryness is shaped by technical definitions, chemical composition, and cultural expectations, making it central both to profession...")
20:37, 12 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Grey rot (Created page with "'''Grey rot''' is the destructive form of botrytis cinerea infection in vineyards, in contrast to the beneficial phenomenon of noble rot. It is one of the most widespread and damaging fungal diseases in viticulture, reducing both grape yield and wine quality when conditions favour its development<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015.</ref>. While noble rot can produce celebrated sweet wines, grey rot is reg...")
20:31, 12 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Jura (Created page with "'''Jura''' is a small wine region in eastern France, situated between Burgundy and the Swiss border. It is renowned for distinctive styles such as Vin Jaune and Vin de Paille, and for its use of local grape varieties alongside international ones. The region’s wines, often produced by small-scale growers, have gained increasing international attention in recent decades.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press...")
20:25, 12 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Canopy (Created page with "'''Canopy''' in viticulture refers to the collective above-ground parts of the grapevine, including shoots, leaves, tendrils, and fruit clusters. The organisation and management of the canopy are central to vineyard performance, as they affect grapevine physiology, vineyard microclimate, and ultimately the style and quality of wine produced<ref>Jackson, ''Wine Science: Principles and Applications'', 5th ed., Academic Press, 2020.</ref>. Modern canopy manage...")
20:01, 12 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Base wine (Created page with "'''Base wine''' is the still wine that serves as the foundation for the production of sparkling wine, most notably Champagne, but also wines such as Cava, Crémant and Franciacorta. It is usually light in alcohol, high in acidity, and deliberately restrained in aromatic expression to ensure suitability for secondary fermentation and extended maturation on lees<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015.</ref>. == Definit...")
19:31, 12 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Vins doux naturels (Created page with "'''Vin doux naturel''' (VDN) are a category of French fortified wine made by arresting fermentation through the addition of grape spirit, leaving a high level of residual sugar in the finished wine<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015 (entry: vins doux naturels). ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>. They are closely associated with the south of France, particularly Roussillon and parts of Languedoc, and are re...")
19:27, 12 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Vermentino (Created page with "'''Vermentino''' is a white grape variety grown widely across the western Mediterranean, particularly in Italy, where it is strongly associated with Sardinia. It is also cultivated in Liguria, Tuscany, and in southern France, where it is often known as Rolle<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015.</ref>. Wines from Vermentino are typically dry, aromatic and fresh, often showing citrus (note)|citru...")
19:06, 12 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page United Kingdom (Created page with "'''United Kingdom''' has historically been one of the world’s most influential nations in the trade, import and consumption of wine, while in recent decades it has also emerged as a significant, if still relatively small, producer of high-quality wines. The country is particularly noted for its success in sparkling wine, produced largely in the south of England, but its importance as a global market and trading hub extends far beyond its domestic production...")
19:02, 12 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Residual sugar (Created page with "'''Residual sugar''' (often abbreviated RS) refers to the quantity of unfermented sugars that remain in a wine after fermentation has been completed or deliberately halted. These sugars, mainly glucose and fructose, contribute to the wine’s perceived sweetness, though their sensory impact depends on the interplay with acidity, alcohol, and other structural elements of the wine<ref>Jackson, ''Wine Science: Principles and Applications'', 5th ed., Academic Pre...")
18:59, 12 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Saint-Joseph (Created page with "'''Saint-Joseph''' (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.ʒo.zɛf]) is a recognised appellation of the Northern Rhône in France, noted primarily for its red wines made from Syrah. A smaller proportion of white wine is produced from Marsanne and Roussanne, giving the area a diverse though stylistically coherent identity within the Rhône Valley<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 635. ISBN 97...")
14:38, 12 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Pouilly-Fumé (Created page with "'''Pouilly-Fumé''' is an appellation of the Loire Valley in central France, situated on the eastern edge of the region opposite Sancerre. It is devoted exclusively to sauvignon blanc and is noted for dry white wines with a distinctive smoky character that has made the name internationally recognised<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015.</ref>. The Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC) was established in 1937, and today P...")
14:15, 8 September 2025 Winosaur talk contribs created page Pfalz (Created page with "'''Pfalz''' is a major wine region in southwestern Germany, extending along the Rhine valley south of Rheinhessen. It is one of the country’s largest and most diverse viticultural areas, producing significant volumes of both white and red wine. The region is particularly known for its dry Riesling and increasingly for its high-quality red wines, which together make Pfalz central to modern German viticulture.<ref>Robinson (ed.)...")