Merlot
Merlot (/ˈmɜːrloʊ/) is a dark-skinned wine grape variety originating in France and now cultivated in most major wine-producing regions worldwide. The name is thought to derive from the French word “merle” (blackbird), possibly referring to the grape’s dark colour or the bird’s fondness for the fruit[1]. Known for its soft texture and ripe fruit profile, Merlot plays a central role in many blends as well as in varietal wines.
Background
Merlot is believed to have originated in the Bordeaux region, where it is one of the principal varieties permitted in the appellation’s red wines[2]. Historical records suggest its cultivation in the Gironde as early as the late 18th century[3]. Today, it is one of the most widely planted red grape varieties globally, with significant plantings not only in France but also in Italy, the United States, Chile, and other New World regions[4].
Characteristics
Merlot typically produces wines with medium to full body, moderate acidity, and soft to medium tannins[5]. Aromas and flavours often include plum, black cherry, and red berries, with notes of chocolate, bay leaf, or cedar depending on the terroir and winemaking style. The variety buds and ripens earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon, making it less risky in cooler climates but more susceptible to spring frost[6]. It thrives on clay-rich soils, which can contribute to rounder, richer wines[7].
Use in winemaking
In Bordeaux, Merlot is the dominant grape on the Right Bank, particularly in appellations such as Pomerol and Saint-Émilion, where it is often blended with Cabernet Franc and, to a lesser extent, Cabernet Sauvignon[8]. In these blends, Merlot adds suppleness and fruit-forward character. Outside France, varietal Merlot wines are common, particularly in California, Chile, and parts of Italy, where the grape’s plush texture and ripe fruit flavours are emphasised[9]. Winemaking approaches vary widely: some styles are aged in oak to add complexity, while others are produced for early consumption to highlight freshness.
See also
References
- ↑ Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes, HarperCollins, 2012, ISBN 978-0062206367.
- ↑ Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.
- ↑ Clarke, Merlot, Mitchell Beazley, 2000, ISBN 978-1840002805.
- ↑ Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, ISBN 978-1784724030.
- ↑ Wine Folly, “Merlot Wine Guide”, winefolly.com.
- ↑ Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.
- ↑ Institut National de l’Origine et de la Qualité (INAO), “Merlot – Fiche technique”, inao.gouv.fr.
- ↑ Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, ISBN 978-1784724030.
- ↑ Wine Folly, “Merlot Wine Guide”, winefolly.com.