Agriculture
Agriculture is the practice of cultivating plants and managing land for the production of food, fibre and other natural products. It encompasses a wide range of activities, including crop cultivation, soil management, irrigation and the domestication of plants, and forms the foundation of settled human societies.
Within the context of wine, agriculture provides the broader framework in which viticulture operates. Viticulture represents a specialised branch of agriculture focused exclusively on the cultivation of grapevines for wine production, applying general agricultural principles to the specific biological, climatic and cultural requirements of the vine.
Agricultural factors such as soil structure, climate, water availability and nutrient management directly influence viticultural decisions and outcomes, but viticulture introduces additional layers of complexity related to grape quality, yield control and wine style.
For detailed discussion of grapevine cultivation and wine-related practices, see the main article on viticulture.