Soil

‘’‘Soil’’’ is a foundational element of viticulture and a key component of terroir. It influences vine growth, water availability, nutrient uptake, and ultimately the character and style of the resulting wine. The physical and chemical composition of vineyard soils can contribute to differences in aroma, structure, and longevity across wines made from the same grape variety.

Usage in wine

Main article: Terroir

In winemaking, soil type affects drainage, root penetration, and heat retention, all of which shape grape ripening. Well-drained soils such as gravel and sand tend to promote lighter, earlier-maturing wines, while clay and limestone can retain water and moderate vine vigour, often associated with structured or age-worthy styles. The interaction between soil and vine is complex, and while no direct flavour transfer occurs, certain soil types are closely linked to recognisable wine profiles in specific regions.

Notable examples

Famous examples include the chalky soils of Champagne, the Kimmeridgian marl of Chablis, and the volcanic soils of Etna. Each contributes to the stylistic identity of the wines produced there and is often cited in discussions of terroir expression.

References

Robinson, J., The Oxford Companion to Wine, 4th ed., 2015 Johnson, H. & Robinson, J., The World Atlas of Wine, 7th ed., 2013