Canaiolo
Canaiolo (IPA: [kanaˈjɔːlo]; also known as Canaiolo Nero) is a red grape variety traditionally grown in Tuscany and other parts of central Italy. Its name is thought to derive from the Italian word cana, meaning “reed” or “canine tooth”, possibly referring to the shape of the grape clusters[1]. Historically, it played a central role in Tuscan winemaking, particularly in the production of Chianti Classico DOCG, where it was valued for softening the tannins of Sangiovese.
Background
Canaiolo has been cultivated in Tuscany since at least the Middle Ages and was once the dominant grape in Chianti blends[2]. In the 19th century, it accounted for a significant proportion of plantings in central Italy, favoured for its reliability and contribution to approachable, early-drinking wines. Its popularity declined in the late 20th century due to susceptibility to diseases such as powdery mildew and a shift toward varietal Sangiovese wines[3]. In recent decades, however, renewed interest in heritage varieties has led to a modest revival.
Characteristics
The vine produces medium-sized, conical clusters with thick-skinned berries that are rich in anthocyanins[4]. It ripens later than Sangiovese and benefits from warm, dry harvest conditions. Canaiolo is valued for its adaptability to different soils, particularly the clay-limestone and sandy loams common in Tuscany. Wines made from Canaiolo are typically medium-bodied, with moderate tannins and acidity, offering flavours of red cherry, violet, and subtle herbal notes.
Use in winemaking
Traditionally, Canaiolo formed 10–30% of the blend in Chianti Classico, complementing the structure of Sangiovese with softness and fruit[5]. Its role has diminished under modern DOCG regulations, yet it remains authorised in several Tuscan appellations, including Chianti and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano. While primarily used as a blending grape, some producers craft varietal Canaiolo wines that highlight its bright fruit character and gentle tannic profile. In blends, it also works alongside Colorino, which contributes colour stability.
See also
Sangiovese Colorino Chianti Classico DOCG
References
- ↑ D’Agata, Native Wine Grapes of Italy, University of California Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0520272260.
- ↑ Scienza & Imazio, Vitigni d’Italia: Storia e diffusione, Edagricole, 2009, ISBN 978-8850653436.
- ↑ Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.
- ↑ Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes, HarperCollins, 2012, ISBN 978-0062206367.
- ↑ Italian Trade Agency, “Canaiolo Wine Profile”, italianwinecentral.com.