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| '''Garnacha''' (Spanish: [ɡaɾˈnatʃa]) is a widely planted red [[grape variety]] originating in north-eastern [[Spain]], where it has long been associated with regions such as [[Aragón]] and [[Navarra]].<ref>Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, ''Wine Grapes'', HarperCollins, 2012.</ref> Known internationally as [[Grenache]], it has spread across [[Europe]] and the [[New World]], valued for its adaptability and role in both varietal and blended wines.
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| == Background ==
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| Historical evidence places Garnacha’s origins in Aragón, from where it spread southward through the [[Iberian Peninsula]] and across the [[Pyrenees]] into southern [[France]].<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'', 8th ed., 2019.</ref> In Spain it became a foundational grape for both traditional field blends and modern [[Denominación de Origen (DO)|DO]] regions. By the late [[Middle Ages]], it was among the most planted varieties of the Crown of Aragon, later establishing a strong presence in [[Sardinia]] and [[Roussillon]].
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| == Viticultural characteristics ==
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| Garnacha is a vigorous and late-ripening vine, requiring warm conditions to reach full maturity.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015.</ref> It is highly drought-resistant, thriving in the dry, stony soils typical of Aragón and [[Catalonia]], though it is prone to wind damage and certain fungal diseases. Its thin skins and naturally high sugar accumulation result in wines with elevated [[alcohol]], moderate [[acidity]], and relatively low [[tannin]].
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| == Wine styles and regions ==
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| In Spain, Garnacha remains central to several regions. [[Campo de Borja]] in Aragón has promoted itself as “The Empire of Garnacha”, producing powerful red wines and fresh rosados.<ref>Consejo Regulador DO Campo de Borja, “La Garnacha”, docampodeborja.com.</ref> In Navarra, it contributes to both modern reds and the region’s historic rosado production. In [[Priorat]], often blended with [[Cariñena]], it produces concentrated, ageworthy wines.
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| Outside Spain, Grenache plays a key role in France’s southern [[Rhône]], notably in [[Châteauneuf-du-Pape]], and in the blends of [[Côtes du Rhône]] and [[Roussillon]]. Beyond Europe, the variety has also found success in [[Australia]], particularly in old-vine plantings in South Australia, and in parts of [[California]] where it contributes to Rhône-style blends.
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| Stylistically, Garnacha is versatile. It can produce light, perfumed reds, [[fuller-bodied]] wines with dark fruit and spice, and is also important in [[fortified wines]] such as [[Banyuls]]. When yields are controlled, it is capable of delivering complexity and [[ageing]] potential.
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| == See also ==
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| * [[Grenache]]
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| * [[Campo de Borja]]
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| * [[Priorat]]
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist}}
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| [[Category:Grape varieties]]
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| [[Category:Red wine grape varieties]]
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| [[Category:Spanish wine]]
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