Greece: Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 12:42, 22 August 2025
Greece (Greek: Ελλάδα, Elláda) is a wine-producing country in south-eastern Europe with one of the longest continuous traditions of Viticulture in the world. The country’s diverse climate, varied soils and wealth of native grape varieties have contributed to a distinctive wine culture that combines ancient heritage with modern production.
Historical background
Viticulture in Greece dates back thousands of years, with archaeological evidence confirming wine production in the Aegean from the Bronze Age onwards[1]. In antiquity, Greek wines were highly prized across the Mediterranean and played a central role in religion, trade and daily life. The symposium, a cultural institution centred on wine consumption, influenced later European traditions. Following centuries of decline under Ottoman rule, the revival of Greek wine accelerated in the 20th century with the establishment of appellations and modern wineries[2].
Regions and geography
Greek vineyards are spread across mainland regions and islands, often planted on mountainous slopes and coastal sites. The climate varies from Mediterranean conditions with hot, dry summers in Crete and the Peloponnese, to cooler continental influences in northern Macedonia and Epirus[3]. The Aegean islands, including Santorini, are notable for volcanic soils that yield distinctive wines, while the Ionian islands and central Greece contribute further regional diversity.
Grapes and styles
Greece is home to a wide range of indigenous grape varieties, many of which are not widely cultivated outside the country. White varieties include Assyrtiko, Moschofilero and Robola, while important red grapes include Xinomavro and Agiorgitiko[4]. Traditional styles such as Retsina, flavoured with pine resin, coexist with modern interpretations of varietal wines and blends. Sparkling and sweet wines, including those from Santorini and Samos, have also maintained international recognition.
Contemporary production
The Greek wine industry has undergone significant modernisation since the late 20th century. Improvements in vineyard management, investment in technology and renewed interest in terroir have elevated the quality and reputation of Greek wines[5]. Exports remain limited compared with other European countries, but Greece’s wines are increasingly present in global markets, often promoted for their indigenous grapes and distinct regional character.
See also
References
- ↑ Kourakou-Dragona, The Vine and Wine in Ancient Greece, Lycabettus Press, 2009.
- ↑ Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015.
- ↑ Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ed., 2019.
- ↑ Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and Food, “Greek Wine”, greekwine.gov.gr.
- ↑ Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015.