View source for Denominación de Origen (DO)

'''Denominación de Origen''' (Spanish pronunciation: [denominiˈθjon de oˈɾixen], "designation of origin") is the principal [[wine classification|classification system]] for quality wines in [[Spain]]. It regulates production through geographic delimitation and strict standards of [[viticulture]] and [[winemaking]].<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>  

== Background ==  
The origins of the Denominación de Origen system can be traced to early 20th-century efforts to protect Spanish [[wine]] from fraud and to promote regional identity.<ref>López-Balboa, ''Historia y evolución de las Denominaciones de Origen en España'', Editorial Agrícola Española, 2001, ISBN 978-8484760554.</ref> The first legal framework was established in 1932, inspired by the French [[appellation]] model but adapted to Spanish viticultural traditions. The system has since been integrated into European Union wine law, aligning DO status with the broader framework of [[Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)]].<ref>Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (MAPA), “Denominaciones de Origen e Indicaciones Geográficas Protegidas de vinos en España”, mapa.gob.es. (Spanish original)</ref>  

== Characteristics ==  
Each Denominación de Origen defines the geographic boundaries of production, authorised grape varieties, maximum yields, and permitted winemaking practices.<ref>Johnson & Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'', 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, ISBN 978-1784724030.</ref> Oversight is exercised by a regulatory council (Consejo Regulador) for each DO, ensuring compliance with quality standards and protecting the reputation of the region. Wines labelled with DO status must be produced entirely within the specified area and adhere to the technical rules established by the council.  

== Use in winemaking ==  
For producers, DO status provides legal recognition and market protection while signalling quality and authenticity to consumers. Within the Spanish hierarchy of classification, DO sits above [[Vino de la Tierra]] but below the more stringent [[Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa)]]. Notable DO regions include [[Rueda]], known for its [[Verdejo]] wines, [[Rías Baixas]], associated with [[Albariño]], and [[Toro]], where robust [[Tempranillo]] wines are produced. Together, these appellations form a vital framework that shapes Spain’s wine identity both domestically and internationally.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0198705383.</ref>  

== See also ==  
* [[Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC)]]  
* [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)]]  
* [[Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)]]  

== References ==  
{{reflist}}  

[[Category:Wine classification]]  
[[Category:Spanish wine]]