View source for Volcanic (soil)

'''Volcanic soils''' are geological formations derived from volcanic activity, formed through the weathering of lava, ash, pumice, and other pyroclastic materials. In [[viticulture]], these [[soils]] are valued for their ability to impart distinctive qualities to wines, particularly in regions such as [[Etna]], [[Santorini]], and the [[Canary Islands]].<ref>White, ''Soils for Fine Wines'', Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 153–157.</ref>

== Background ==  
Volcanic soils are present in many winegrowing regions across [[Europe]] and the [[New World]], often associated with dramatic landscapes and historical viticulture. In [[Italy]], [[Sicily]]’s [[Etna DOC]] has become emblematic of volcanic [[terroirs]], while in [[Greece]], [[Santorini]]’s vineyards are rooted in ancient volcanic deposits shaped by the Aegean eruptions.<ref>D’Agata, ''Native Wine Grapes of Italy'', University of California Press, 2014, pp. 488–490.</ref> Outside [[Europe]], examples include the [[Azores]] and Canary Islands in the Atlantic, and volcanic zones in [[California]] and [[Oregon]].<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015, p. 759.</ref>  

== Characteristics ==  
Volcanic soils are heterogeneous, consisting of basalt, tuff, pumice, and other igneous rock fragments. They are typically well-drained yet retain sufficient moisture due to their porous structure. Their high mineral content, particularly in elements such as iron, magnesium, and potassium, influences [[vine nutrition]].<ref>Wilson, ''Terroir: The Role of Geology, Climate, and Culture in the Making of French Wines'', University of California Press, 1998, pp. 173–176.</ref>  

These soils warm quickly during the day and can radiate heat during cooler nights, helping to extend [[ripening]] in marginal climates. However, they can be challenging for vine establishment, as their rocky [[texture]] requires deep root penetration and adaptation to low fertility.<ref>White, ''Soils for Fine Wines'', 2003, p. 156.</ref>  

== Role in Viticulture and Winemaking ==  
Volcanic soils often produce wines of notable freshness and distinctive mineral character. On [[Etna]], [[red wines]] from [[Nerello Mascalese]] and [[white wines]] from [[Carricante]] are renowned for their high [[acidity]] and savoury, smoky notes.<ref>Etna DOC Consorzio, consorzioetnadoc.it. (Italian original)</ref> Santorini’s [[Assyrtiko]] thrives in volcanic ash and pumice, yielding wines with pronounced salinity and longevity. In the Canary Islands, old-vine [[Listán Negro]] and [[Listán Blanco]] planted in volcanic craters and lapilli soils produce uniquely aromatic wines.<ref>Robinson (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', 2015, p. 760.</ref>  

While the concept of “minerality” remains debated, many winemakers and consumers associate volcanic [[terroirs]] with distinct textural and aromatic qualities. These sites, often difficult to farm, are increasingly celebrated as contributors to terroir-driven wine styles.<ref>D’Agata, ''Native Wine Grapes of Italy'', 2014, p. 489.</ref>  

== See also ==  
* [[Schist (soil)]]  
* [[Limestone (soil)]]  
* [[Terroir]]  

== References ==  
{{reflist}}  

[[Category:Soil types in viticulture]]  
[[Category:Viticulture]]