Fiano
Fiano is a white grape variety (Vitis vinifera) primarily associated with the Campania region of southern Italy, where it is the basis of the Fiano di Avellino DOCG. Known for its aromatic intensity and capacity to produce structured, ageworthy whites, Fiano has also gained attention in New World regions such as Australia.[1]
Background
Historical references suggest that Fiano has been cultivated in Campania since antiquity, possibly linked to the ancient grape Vitis apiana, named for its attraction to bees.[2] The grape is most closely associated with the province of Avellino in Irpinia, where it enjoys DOCG protection. Modern ampelographic research confirms its distinct identity, with close but separate relations to other southern Italian cultivars.[3]
Characteristics
Fiano is a relatively low-yielding variety with small, thick-skinned berries, providing natural resistance to disease and contributing to concentration in the wines.[4] The wines typically display medium to full body, moderate to high alcohol, and balanced acidity. Aromas often include floral notes, honey, hazelnut, citrus, and tropical fruit. With age, Fiano can develop complex tertiary flavours such as toasted nuts and waxy or smoky nuances.[5]
Viticulture and Winemaking
The grape thrives in the volcanic and limestone-rich soils of Campania, particularly around Avellino, where elevation provides cooler night-time temperatures that help preserve acidity.[6] Winemaking approaches range from fresh, stainless-steel-fermented styles to examples aged on the lees or in oak, enhancing body and complexity.
Key Regions
The most important denomination for the variety is Fiano di Avellino DOCG, which covers vineyards in the province of Avellino. The DOCG regulations require at least 85% Fiano, often bottled as a varietal wine.[7] Outside Avellino, Fiano is also cultivated in other parts of Campania and neighbouring regions in southern Italy.
Internationally, Fiano has been planted with growing success in Australia, particularly in South Australia’s McLaren Vale and Adelaide Hills, where it produces vibrant, fruit-driven whites suited to warm climates.[8]
See also
References
- ↑ Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes, HarperCollins, 2012 (entry: Fiano). ISBN 978-0062206367.
- ↑ Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine (entry: Fiano), Oxford University Press, 2015. ISBN 978-0198705383.
- ↑ VIVC, “Fiano”, vivc.de.
- ↑ Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes, 2012.
- ↑ Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, 2015.
- ↑ Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ed., 2019 (Campania). ISBN 978-1784724030.
- ↑ Consorzio di Tutela Vini d’Irpinia, “Fiano di Avellino DOCG”, consorzioirpinia.it.
- ↑ Robinson, Harding & Vouillamoz, Wine Grapes, 2012.