Wine - Revision history

CodexWarrior: CodexWarrior: canonicalise ISBN refs

2026-01-18T22:00:59Z

CodexWarrior: canonicalise ISBN refs

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:00, 19 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Wine''' is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of freshly harvested [[grapes]], a process dating back at least 8,000 years. Its development has been closely tied to human history, agriculture, and cultural exchange across civilisations<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, ~~1996, p. 17~~. ISBN 9780415031202.</ref>. Although wine can technically be made from any fruit, the term typically refers to beverages derived from [[Vitis vinifera]], the Eurasian grapevine species most widely used in global wine production<ref>Robinson ~~(ed~~.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, ~~2015~~, ~~p. 756~~. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.		'''Wine''' is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of freshly harvested [[grapes]], a process dating back at least 8,000 years. Its development has been closely tied to human history, agriculture, and cultural exchange across civilisations<ref>Tim Unwin, ''Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade'', Routledge, 4 April 1991. ISBN 9780415031202.</ref>. Although wine can technically be made from any fruit, the term typically refers to beverages derived from [[Vitis vinifera]], the Eurasian grapevine species most widely used in global wine production<ref>Jancis Robinson, Julia Harding MW, Tara Q. Thomas, ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, September 14, 2023. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.

	== Background ==		== Background ==
	Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Near East]] during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, ~~1996, pp. 30–33~~. ISBN 9780415031202.</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of [[Mediterranean]] societies, particularly those of [[Ancient Greece]] and Rome. The expansion of the [[[[Roman]] Empire]] spread viticulture throughout [[Europe]], laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson ~~(ed~~.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, ~~2015~~, ~~p. 761~~. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.		Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Near East]] during the Neolithic period<ref>Tim Unwin, ''Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade'', Routledge, 4 April 1991. ISBN 9780415031202.</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of [[Mediterranean]] societies, particularly those of [[Ancient Greece]] and Rome. The expansion of the [[[[Roman]] Empire]] spread viticulture throughout [[Europe]], laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Jancis Robinson, Julia Harding MW, Tara Q. Thomas, ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, September 14, 2023. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.

	During the [[Middle Ages]], monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in [[France]] and [[Germany]]. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.		During the [[Middle Ages]], monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in [[France]] and [[Germany]]. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.

	== Characteristics ==		== Characteristics ==
	Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of freshly harvested grapes, most commonly from the species Vitis vinifera<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, ~~2014~~, ~~p. 16~~. ISBN 9780520379503.</ref>. Its core characteristics are determined by a combination of grape variety, growing conditions, fermentation method, and ageing process. [[Wines]] vary in style, colour, body, and sugar content, with primary categories including red, white, rosé, sparkling, and fortified.		Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of freshly harvested grapes, most commonly from the species Vitis vinifera<ref>Jamie Goode, ''The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass'', University of California Press, June 8, 2021. ISBN 9780520379503.</ref>. Its core characteristics are determined by a combination of grape variety, growing conditions, fermentation method, and ageing process. [[Wines]] vary in style, colour, body, and sugar content, with primary categories including red, white, rosé, sparkling, and fortified.

	The concept of [[terroir]]—which encompasses [[soil]], [[climate]], [[topography]], and human practices—is often used to explain how wines express a sense of place. This notion is particularly central to [[Old World]] wine culture, while [[New World]] producers may prioritise varietal clarity and technological precision<ref>Robinson ~~(ed~~.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, ~~2015~~, ~~pp. 688–689~~. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.		The concept of [[terroir]]—which encompasses [[soil]], [[climate]], [[topography]], and human practices—is often used to explain how wines express a sense of place. This notion is particularly central to [[Old World]] wine culture, while [[New World]] producers may prioritise varietal clarity and technological precision<ref>Jancis Robinson, Julia Harding MW, Tara Q. Thomas, ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Oxford University Press, September 14, 2023. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.

	== Use in winemaking ==		== Use in winemaking ==
	Wine is the principal product of [[viticulture]] and forms the foundation of the global vitivinicultural sector. The process begins with the careful cultivation of grapevines, followed by harvesting, crushing, and fermentation, where natural or added yeasts convert grape sugars into alcohol<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, ~~2014~~, ~~pp. 29–33~~. ISBN 9780520379503.</ref>.		Wine is the principal product of [[viticulture]] and forms the foundation of the global vitivinicultural sector. The process begins with the careful cultivation of grapevines, followed by harvesting, crushing, and fermentation, where natural or added yeasts convert grape sugars into alcohol<ref>Jamie Goode, ''The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass'', University of California Press, June 8, 2021. ISBN 9780520379503.</ref>.

	Following fermentation, wine may be [[aged]] in tanks, barrels, or bottles depending on the desired style. Choices in winemaking—such as the use of oak, [[malolactic fermentation]], and time on lees—profoundly affect aroma, texture, and structure. Regional traditions and legal frameworks often influence these practices, particularly in countries with established [[appellation systems]]<ref>Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ~~ed.~~, Mitchell Beazley, 2019~~, p. 44~~. ISBN 9781784724030.</ref>.		Following fermentation, wine may be [[aged]] in tanks, barrels, or bottles depending on the desired style. Choices in winemaking—such as the use of oak, [[malolactic fermentation]], and time on lees—profoundly affect aroma, texture, and structure. Regional traditions and legal frameworks often influence these practices, particularly in countries with established [[appellation systems]]<ref>Hugh Johnson, Jancis Robinson, ''World Atlas of Wine: 8th edition'', Mitchell Beazley, 1 Oct. 2019. ISBN 9781784724030.</ref>.

	Wine serves both cultural and economic functions. It is central to many culinary traditions and remains one of the most internationally traded agricultural products<ref>OIV, “Global overview of the vitivinicultural sector”, www.oiv.int</ref>.		Wine serves both cultural and economic functions. It is central to many culinary traditions and remains one of the most internationally traded agricultural products<ref>OIV, “Global overview of the vitivinicultural sector”, www.oiv.int</ref>.

CodexWarrior: CodexWarrior: add missing ISBNs in references

2026-01-11T17:00:48Z

CodexWarrior: add missing ISBNs in references

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:00, 11 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Wine''' is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of freshly harvested [[grapes]], a process dating back at least 8,000 years. Its development has been closely tied to human history, agriculture, and cultural exchange across civilisations<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, p. 17</ref>. Although wine can technically be made from any fruit, the term typically refers to beverages derived from [[Vitis vinifera]], the Eurasian grapevine species most widely used in global wine production<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 756</ref>.		'''Wine''' is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of freshly harvested [[grapes]], a process dating back at least 8,000 years. Its development has been closely tied to human history, agriculture, and cultural exchange across civilisations<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, p. 17. ISBN 9780415031202.</ref>. Although wine can technically be made from any fruit, the term typically refers to beverages derived from [[Vitis vinifera]], the Eurasian grapevine species most widely used in global wine production<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 756. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.

	== Background ==		== Background ==
	Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Near East]] during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of [[Mediterranean]] societies, particularly those of [[Ancient Greece]] and Rome. The expansion of the [[[[Roman]] Empire]] spread viticulture throughout [[Europe]], laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.		Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Near East]] during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33. ISBN 9780415031202.</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of [[Mediterranean]] societies, particularly those of [[Ancient Greece]] and Rome. The expansion of the [[[[Roman]] Empire]] spread viticulture throughout [[Europe]], laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.

	During the [[Middle Ages]], monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in [[France]] and [[Germany]]. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.		During the [[Middle Ages]], monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in [[France]] and [[Germany]]. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.

	== Characteristics ==		== Characteristics ==
	Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of freshly harvested grapes, most commonly from the species Vitis vinifera<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, p. 16</ref>. Its core characteristics are determined by a combination of grape variety, growing conditions, fermentation method, and ageing process. [[Wines]] vary in style, colour, body, and sugar content, with primary categories including red, white, rosé, sparkling, and fortified.		Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of freshly harvested grapes, most commonly from the species Vitis vinifera<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, p. 16. ISBN 9780520379503.</ref>. Its core characteristics are determined by a combination of grape variety, growing conditions, fermentation method, and ageing process. [[Wines]] vary in style, colour, body, and sugar content, with primary categories including red, white, rosé, sparkling, and fortified.

	The concept of [[terroir]]—which encompasses [[soil]], [[climate]], [[topography]], and human practices—is often used to explain how wines express a sense of place. This notion is particularly central to [[Old World]] wine culture, while [[New World]] producers may prioritise varietal clarity and technological precision<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 688–689</ref>.		The concept of [[terroir]]—which encompasses [[soil]], [[climate]], [[topography]], and human practices—is often used to explain how wines express a sense of place. This notion is particularly central to [[Old World]] wine culture, while [[New World]] producers may prioritise varietal clarity and technological precision<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 688–689. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.

	== Use in winemaking ==		== Use in winemaking ==
	Wine is the principal product of [[viticulture]] and forms the foundation of the global vitivinicultural sector. The process begins with the careful cultivation of grapevines, followed by harvesting, crushing, and fermentation, where natural or added yeasts convert grape sugars into alcohol<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, pp. 29–33</ref>.		Wine is the principal product of [[viticulture]] and forms the foundation of the global vitivinicultural sector. The process begins with the careful cultivation of grapevines, followed by harvesting, crushing, and fermentation, where natural or added yeasts convert grape sugars into alcohol<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, pp. 29–33. ISBN 9780520379503.</ref>.

	Following fermentation, wine may be [[aged]] in tanks, barrels, or bottles depending on the desired style. Choices in winemaking—such as the use of oak, [[malolactic fermentation]], and time on lees—profoundly affect aroma, texture, and structure. Regional traditions and legal frameworks often influence these practices, particularly in countries with established [[appellation systems]]<ref>Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, p. 44</ref>.		Following fermentation, wine may be [[aged]] in tanks, barrels, or bottles depending on the desired style. Choices in winemaking—such as the use of oak, [[malolactic fermentation]], and time on lees—profoundly affect aroma, texture, and structure. Regional traditions and legal frameworks often influence these practices, particularly in countries with established [[appellation systems]]<ref>Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, p. 44. ISBN 9781784724030.</ref>.

	Wine serves both cultural and economic functions. It is central to many culinary traditions and remains one of the most internationally traded agricultural products<ref>OIV, “Global overview of the vitivinicultural sector”, www.oiv.int</ref>.		Wine serves both cultural and economic functions. It is central to many culinary traditions and remains one of the most internationally traded agricultural products<ref>OIV, “Global overview of the vitivinicultural sector”, www.oiv.int</ref>.

PathFinder: PathFinder: add internal links

2026-01-10T09:00:09Z

PathFinder: add internal links

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:00, 10 January 2026
Line 2:		Line 2:

	== Background ==		== Background ==
	Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the Caucasus and the Near East during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of Mediterranean societies, particularly those of [[Ancient Greece]] and Rome. The expansion of the Roman Empire spread viticulture throughout Europe, laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.		Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Near East]] during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of [[Mediterranean]] societies, particularly those of [[Ancient Greece]] and Rome. The expansion of the [[[[Roman]] Empire]] spread viticulture throughout [[Europe]], laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.

	During the Middle Ages, monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in France and Germany. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.		During the [[Middle Ages]], monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in [[France]] and [[Germany]]. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.

	== Characteristics ==		== Characteristics ==
	Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of freshly harvested grapes, most commonly from the species Vitis vinifera<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, p. 16</ref>. Its core characteristics are determined by a combination of grape variety, growing conditions, fermentation method, and ageing process. Wines vary in style, colour, body, and sugar content, with primary categories including red, white, rosé, sparkling, and fortified.		Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of freshly harvested grapes, most commonly from the species Vitis vinifera<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, p. 16</ref>. Its core characteristics are determined by a combination of grape variety, growing conditions, fermentation method, and ageing process. [[Wines]] vary in style, colour, body, and sugar content, with primary categories including red, white, rosé, sparkling, and fortified.

	The concept of [[terroir]]—which encompasses [[soil]], [[climate]], [[topography]], and human practices—is often used to explain how wines express a sense of place. This notion is particularly central to Old World wine culture, while New World producers may prioritise varietal clarity and technological precision<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 688–689</ref>.		The concept of [[terroir]]—which encompasses [[soil]], [[climate]], [[topography]], and human practices—is often used to explain how wines express a sense of place. This notion is particularly central to [[Old World]] wine culture, while [[New World]] producers may prioritise varietal clarity and technological precision<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 688–689</ref>.

	== Use in winemaking ==		== Use in winemaking ==

Winosaur: /* Background */

2025-08-19T10:00:36Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:00, 19 August 2025
Line 2:		Line 2:

	== Background ==		== Background ==
	Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the Caucasus and the Near East during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of Mediterranean societies, particularly those of Ancient Greece and Rome. The expansion of the Roman Empire spread viticulture throughout Europe, laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.		Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the Caucasus and the Near East during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of Mediterranean societies, particularly those of [[Ancient Greece]] and Rome. The expansion of the Roman Empire spread viticulture throughout Europe, laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.

	During the Middle Ages, monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in France and Germany. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.		During the Middle Ages, monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in France and Germany. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.

Winosaur: /* See also */

2025-08-06T22:45:44Z

Winosaur: /* Background */

2025-08-06T12:07:00Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:07, 6 August 2025
Line 4:		Line 4:
	Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the Caucasus and the Near East during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of Mediterranean societies, particularly those of Ancient Greece and Rome. The expansion of the Roman Empire spread viticulture throughout Europe, laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.		Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the Caucasus and the Near East during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of Mediterranean societies, particularly those of Ancient Greece and Rome. The expansion of the Roman Empire spread viticulture throughout Europe, laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.

	During the Middle Ages, monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in France and Germany. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as France’s AOC and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.		During the Middle Ages, monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in France and Germany. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.

	== Characteristics ==		== Characteristics ==

Winosaur: /* Background */

2025-08-06T12:06:05Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:06, 6 August 2025
Line 4:		Line 4:
	Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the Caucasus and the Near East during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of Mediterranean societies, particularly those of Ancient Greece and Rome. The expansion of the Roman Empire spread viticulture throughout Europe, laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.		Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the Caucasus and the Near East during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of Mediterranean societies, particularly those of Ancient Greece and Rome. The expansion of the Roman Empire spread viticulture throughout Europe, laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.

	During the Middle Ages, monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in France and Germany. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as France’s AOC and [[		During the Middle Ages, monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in France and Germany. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as France’s AOC and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.

	Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.

	== Characteristics ==		== Characteristics ==

Winosaur: /* Background */

2025-08-06T12:05:37Z

Background

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:05, 6 August 2025
Line 4:		Line 4:
	Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the Caucasus and the Near East during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of Mediterranean societies, particularly those of Ancient Greece and Rome. The expansion of the Roman Empire spread viticulture throughout Europe, laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.		Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the Caucasus and the Near East during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of Mediterranean societies, particularly those of Ancient Greece and Rome. The expansion of the Roman Empire spread viticulture throughout Europe, laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.

	During the Middle Ages, monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in France and Germany. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as France’s AOC and Italy’s DOC, formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.		During the Middle Ages, monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in France and Germany. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as France’s AOC and [[

			Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.

	== Characteristics ==		== Characteristics ==

Winosaur at 12:04, 6 August 2025

2025-08-06T12:04:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 6 August 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Wine''' is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of freshly harvested [[grapes]], a process dating back at least 8,000 years. Its development has been closely tied to human history, agriculture, and cultural exchange across civilisations<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, p. 17</ref>. Although wine can technically be made from any fruit, the term typically refers to beverages derived from Vitis vinifera, the Eurasian grapevine species most widely used in global wine production<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 756</ref>.		'''Wine''' is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of freshly harvested [[grapes]], a process dating back at least 8,000 years. Its development has been closely tied to human history, agriculture, and cultural exchange across civilisations<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, p. 17</ref>. Although wine can technically be made from any fruit, the term typically refers to beverages derived from [[Vitis vinifera]], the Eurasian grapevine species most widely used in global wine production<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 756</ref>.

	== Background ==		== Background ==
Line 7:		Line 7:

	== Characteristics ==		== Characteristics ==
	Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of freshly harvested grapes, most commonly from the species Vitis vinifera<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, p. 16</ref>. Its core characteristics are determined by a combination of grape variety, growing conditions, fermentation method, and ageing process. Wines vary in style, colour, body, and sugar content, with primary categories including red, white, rosé, sparkling, and fortified.		Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of freshly harvested grapes, most commonly from the species Vitis vinifera<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, p. 16</ref>. Its core characteristics are determined by a combination of grape variety, growing conditions, fermentation method, and ageing process. Wines vary in style, colour, body, and sugar content, with primary categories including red, white, rosé, sparkling, and fortified.

	The concept of [[terroir]]—which encompasses soil, climate, topography, and human practices—is often used to explain how wines express a sense of place. This notion is particularly central to Old World wine culture, while New World producers may prioritise varietal clarity and technological precision<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 688–689</ref>.		The concept of [[terroir]]—which encompasses [[soil]], [[climate]], [[topography]], and human practices—is often used to explain how wines express a sense of place. This notion is particularly central to Old World wine culture, while New World producers may prioritise varietal clarity and technological precision<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 688–689</ref>.

	== Use in winemaking ==		== Use in winemaking ==
	Wine is the principal product of [[viticulture]] and forms the foundation of the global vitivinicultural sector. The process begins with the careful cultivation of grapevines, followed by harvesting, crushing, and fermentation, where natural or added yeasts convert grape sugars into alcohol<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, pp. 29–33</ref>.		Wine is the principal product of [[viticulture]] and forms the foundation of the global vitivinicultural sector. The process begins with the careful cultivation of grapevines, followed by harvesting, crushing, and fermentation, where natural or added yeasts convert grape sugars into alcohol<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, pp. 29–33</ref>.

	Following fermentation, wine may be aged in tanks, barrels, or bottles depending on the desired style. Choices in winemaking—such as the use of oak, malolactic fermentation, and time on lees—profoundly affect aroma, texture, and structure. Regional traditions and legal frameworks often influence these practices, particularly in countries with established appellation systems<ref>Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, p. 44</ref>.		Following fermentation, wine may be [[aged]] in tanks, barrels, or bottles depending on the desired style. Choices in winemaking—such as the use of oak, [[malolactic fermentation]], and time on lees—profoundly affect aroma, texture, and structure. Regional traditions and legal frameworks often influence these practices, particularly in countries with established [[appellation systems]]<ref>Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, p. 44</ref>.

	Wine serves both cultural and economic functions. It is central to many culinary traditions and remains one of the most internationally traded agricultural products<ref>OIV, “Global overview of the vitivinicultural sector”, www.oiv.int</ref>.		Wine serves both cultural and economic functions. It is central to many culinary traditions and remains one of the most internationally traded agricultural products<ref>OIV, “Global overview of the vitivinicultural sector”, www.oiv.int</ref>.

Winosaur: /* See also */

2025-08-06T11:54:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:00, 11 January 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Wine''' is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of freshly harvested [[grapes]], a process dating back at least 8,000 years. Its development has been closely tied to human history, agriculture, and cultural exchange across civilisations<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, p. 17</ref>. Although wine can technically be made from any fruit, the term typically refers to beverages derived from [[Vitis vinifera]], the Eurasian grapevine species most widely used in global wine production<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 756</ref>.		'''Wine''' is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of freshly harvested [[grapes]], a process dating back at least 8,000 years. Its development has been closely tied to human history, agriculture, and cultural exchange across civilisations<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, p. 17. ISBN 9780415031202.</ref>. Although wine can technically be made from any fruit, the term typically refers to beverages derived from [[Vitis vinifera]], the Eurasian grapevine species most widely used in global wine production<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 756. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.

	== Background ==		== Background ==
	Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Near East]] during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of [[Mediterranean]] societies, particularly those of [[Ancient Greece]] and Rome. The expansion of the [[[[Roman]] Empire]] spread viticulture throughout [[Europe]], laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761</ref>.		Wine originated independently in multiple regions, with archaeological evidence pointing to early production in the [[Caucasus]] and the [[Near East]] during the Neolithic period<ref>Unwin, Wine and the Vine: An Historical Geography of Viticulture and the Wine Trade, Routledge, 1996, pp. 30–33. ISBN 9780415031202.</ref>. Over time, it became deeply embedded in the agricultural and spiritual practices of [[Mediterranean]] societies, particularly those of [[Ancient Greece]] and Rome. The expansion of the [[[[Roman]] Empire]] spread viticulture throughout [[Europe]], laying the foundation for many of the traditional wine regions known today<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 761. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.

	During the [[Middle Ages]], monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in [[France]] and [[Germany]]. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.		During the [[Middle Ages]], monastic orders played a crucial role in maintaining viticultural knowledge, especially in [[France]] and [[Germany]]. The emergence of national appellation systems in the 20th century, such as [[Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée (AOC)\|France’s AOC]] and [[Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC)\|Italy’s DOC]], formalised the connection between place, tradition, and quality in wine production<ref>Gade, “Tradition and Innovation in Wine Culture”, Geographical Review, Vol. 94, No. 1, 2004, p. 260</ref>.

	== Characteristics ==		== Characteristics ==
	Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of freshly harvested grapes, most commonly from the species Vitis vinifera<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, p. 16</ref>. Its core characteristics are determined by a combination of grape variety, growing conditions, fermentation method, and ageing process. [[Wines]] vary in style, colour, body, and sugar content, with primary categories including red, white, rosé, sparkling, and fortified.		Wine is an alcoholic beverage made by fermenting the juice of freshly harvested grapes, most commonly from the species Vitis vinifera<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, p. 16. ISBN 9780520379503.</ref>. Its core characteristics are determined by a combination of grape variety, growing conditions, fermentation method, and ageing process. [[Wines]] vary in style, colour, body, and sugar content, with primary categories including red, white, rosé, sparkling, and fortified.

	The concept of [[terroir]]—which encompasses [[soil]], [[climate]], [[topography]], and human practices—is often used to explain how wines express a sense of place. This notion is particularly central to [[Old World]] wine culture, while [[New World]] producers may prioritise varietal clarity and technological precision<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 688–689</ref>.		The concept of [[terroir]]—which encompasses [[soil]], [[climate]], [[topography]], and human practices—is often used to explain how wines express a sense of place. This notion is particularly central to [[Old World]] wine culture, while [[New World]] producers may prioritise varietal clarity and technological precision<ref>Robinson (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Wine, Oxford University Press, 2015, pp. 688–689. ISBN 9780198871316.</ref>.

	== Use in winemaking ==		== Use in winemaking ==
	Wine is the principal product of [[viticulture]] and forms the foundation of the global vitivinicultural sector. The process begins with the careful cultivation of grapevines, followed by harvesting, crushing, and fermentation, where natural or added yeasts convert grape sugars into alcohol<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, pp. 29–33</ref>.		Wine is the principal product of [[viticulture]] and forms the foundation of the global vitivinicultural sector. The process begins with the careful cultivation of grapevines, followed by harvesting, crushing, and fermentation, where natural or added yeasts convert grape sugars into alcohol<ref>Goode, The Science of Wine: From Vine to Glass, University of California Press, 2014, pp. 29–33. ISBN 9780520379503.</ref>.

	Following fermentation, wine may be [[aged]] in tanks, barrels, or bottles depending on the desired style. Choices in winemaking—such as the use of oak, [[malolactic fermentation]], and time on lees—profoundly affect aroma, texture, and structure. Regional traditions and legal frameworks often influence these practices, particularly in countries with established [[appellation systems]]<ref>Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, p. 44</ref>.		Following fermentation, wine may be [[aged]] in tanks, barrels, or bottles depending on the desired style. Choices in winemaking—such as the use of oak, [[malolactic fermentation]], and time on lees—profoundly affect aroma, texture, and structure. Regional traditions and legal frameworks often influence these practices, particularly in countries with established [[appellation systems]]<ref>Johnson & Robinson, The World Atlas of Wine, 8th ed., Mitchell Beazley, 2019, p. 44. ISBN 9781784724030.</ref>.

	Wine serves both cultural and economic functions. It is central to many culinary traditions and remains one of the most internationally traded agricultural products<ref>OIV, “Global overview of the vitivinicultural sector”, www.oiv.int</ref>.		Wine serves both cultural and economic functions. It is central to many culinary traditions and remains one of the most internationally traded agricultural products<ref>OIV, “Global overview of the vitivinicultural sector”, www.oiv.int</ref>.

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:45, 7 August 2025
Line 25:		Line 25:
	*[[Fermentation (wine)]]		*[[Fermentation (wine)]]

	*[[Wine region]]		*[[:Category:Wine regions\|wine region]]

	*[[Old World]]		*[[Old World]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 6 August 2025
Line 19:		Line 19:

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	[[Viticulture]]		*[[Viticulture]]
	[[Grape]]
	[[Fermentation (wine)]]		*[[Grape]]
	[[Wine region]]
	[[Old World]]		*[[Fermentation (wine)]]
	[[New World]]
			*[[Wine region]]

			*[[Old World]]

			*[[New World]]

	== References ==		== References ==